Biological Assessment of Major Water Bodies of The City of Kolkata

Authors

  • Subhadip Ghosh
     CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) Kolkata Zonal Center, Kolkata-700 107, West Bengal
  • Shaheen Akhtar
     CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) Kolkata Zonal Center, Kolkata-700 107, West Bengal
  • Kanchan Kumari
     CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) Kolkata Zonal Center, Kolkata-700 107, West Bengal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v123/i2S/2023/172543

Keywords:

Biomonitoring, Benthos, Water Quality, Pollution, Diversity

Abstract

Benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring or biological monitoring is use of biological responses for populations and communities of certain indicator organisms to evaluate anthropogenic environmental changes. Biomonitoring is a special way of assessing water quality using macroinvertebrates to find the Saprobic score and Diversity score to indicate the level of pollution as well as to assess the biological quality of water. It entails the use of indicator species, generally, benthic macroinvertebrates/ fish and algae communities as well as certain aquatic plant species are also used. From several studies, benthic macro-invertebrate populations have been regarded as the most acceptable biological parameter to assess the quality of water out of all the biotic components. The mapping based on bio-monitoring has been proven as a powerful tool for the preparation of future action plans to control water pollution and improve the water quality of water bodies. The present study has been conducted in four major water bodies of city, Kolkata (West Bengal) using benthos monitoring to understand the prevailing scenarios.

The benthos samples were collected from all the four water bodies selected for study, sieved, washed, and transferred into a large tray for identification purposes and classified according to their taxa. As per the score obtained, most of the sampling sites were found to be moderately polluted. Gastropods, annelids, crustacea, and insects made up the majority of the benthic macro-invertebrate species that were collected. The various opportunities and lessons learned from past experiences of monitoring of different water bodies have also been included in this study. The details and significance of the work have been discussed in the full paper.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Downloads

Published

2023-07-01

How to Cite

Ghosh, S., Akhtar, S., & Kumari, K. (2023). Biological Assessment of Major Water Bodies of The City of Kolkata. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 123(2S), 525–534. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v123/i2S/2023/172543

Issue

Volume 123, Issue 2S, Special Issue 2023

Section

Articles
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

Akolkar, P. (2017). Banthic Macroinvertebtares of river Ganga. CPCB. https://cpcb.nic.in/openpdffile. php?id=UmVwb3J0RmlsZXMvNzk3XzE1NDc3MjU2MzFfbWVkaWFwaG90bzE5MzcucGRm. (Accessed on: 07.06.2023)

APHA, 1989. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 17th edition American Public Health Association, Washigton, D. C.

Armitage, P. D., Moss, D., Wright, J. F., & Furse, M. T. (1983). The performance of a new biological water quality score system based on macroinvertebrates over a wide range of unpolluted running-water sites. Water research, 17(3), 333-347.

Bhadrecha, M. H., Khatri, N., & Tyagi, S. (2016). Rapid integrated water quality evaluation of Mahisagar river using benthic macroinvertebrates. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 188(4), 254.

Bhatt, J. P., & Pandit, M. K. (2010). A macro-invertebrate based new biotic index to monitor river water quality. Current Science, 196-203.

Carter, J. L., & Resh, V. H. (2001). After site selection and before data analysis: sampling, sorting, and laboratory procedures used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring programs by USA state agencies. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 20(4), 658-682.

Cairns Jr, J., & Dickson, K. L. (1971). A simple method for the biological assessment of the effects of waste discharges on aquatic bottom-dwelling organisms. Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), 755-772.

Central Pollution Control Board. (1995-1996). Bio monitoring of water: Newsletter. NewDelhi: CPCB.

CPCB (2017) Benthic Macroinvertebrates of River Ganga. Delhi: Central Pollution Control Board. https://cpcb.nic.in/ openpdffile.php?id=UmVwb3J0RmlsZXMvNzk3XzE1NDc3MjU2MzFfbWVkaWFwaG90bzE5MzcucGRm. (Accessed on: 07.06.2023).

Ghosh, S., & Das, A. (2020). Wetland conversion risk assessment of East Kolkata Wetland: A Ramsar site using random forest and support vector machine model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 275, 123475.

Ghosh, S., Dinda, S., Chatterjee, N. D., & Das, K. (2018). Analyzing risk factors for shrinkage and transformation of East Kolkata Wetland, India. Spatial Information Research, 26, 661-677.

Karr, J. R. (1995). Protecting aquatic ecosystems: clean water is not enough. WS Davis and TP Simon. Biological assessment and criteria. Tools for water resource planning and decision making. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, 7-13.

Karr, J. R. (1999). Defining and measuring river health. Freshwater biology, 41(2), 221-234.

Kenney, M. A., Sutton-Grier, A. E., Smith, R. F., & Gresens, S. E. (2009). Benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of water quality: The intersection of science and policy. Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews, 2(2), 99.

Khan, R. A., & Sinha, C. (2002). Studies on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Two Man Made Lakes of Calcutta. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 100(3-4), 1-19.

Khatri, N., Raval, K., Jha, A. K., & Rawtani, D. (2020). Pollution indicators at stretches of the Mahisagar River in Gujarat India. Environmental Claims Journal, 32(4), 310-322.

Khatri, N., Raval, K., & Jha, A. K. (2021). Integrated water quality monitoring of Mahi River using benthic macroinvertebrates and comparison of its biodiversity among various stretches. Applied Water Science, 11(8), 143.

Kumar, A., & Bohra, C. (1999). Gastropods as indicators of the pollution status of some wet lands in Santal Pargana, Bihar, India. Indian J. of Envir. & Ecoplan, 2(1), 83-87.

Kumari, K., Khare, A. (2018). Integration of Biomarker Approach in Pollution Monitoring Programme of Aquatic Ecosystem. In: Varjani, S., Parameswaran, B., Kumar, S., Khare, S. (eds) Biosynthetic Technology and Environmental Challenges. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7434-9_18

Mezgebu Amare, 2022. A review on freshwater biomonitoring with benthic invertebrates in Ethiopia. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, Volume 14, June 2022, 100174

Nautiyal, P. (2010). Food chains of Ganga River ecosystems in the Himalayas. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 13(4), 362-373.

Patra, A., Santra, K. B., & Manna, C. K. (2010). Limnological studies related to physico-chemical characteristics of water of Santragachi and Joypur Jheel, WB, India. Our nature, 8(1), 185-203.

Patra, A., Santra, K. B., & Manna, C. K. (2011). Ecology and diversity of zooplankton in relation to physico-chemical characteristics of water of Santragachi Jheel, West Bengal, India. Journal of Wetlands Ecology, 5, 20-39.

Rosenberg, D. M., & Resh, V. H. (1993). Freshwater biomonitoring and benthic macroinvertebrates. Chapman and Hall. Rossaro, B., Boggero, A., LODS CROZET, B., Free, G., Lencioni, V., & Marziali, L. (2011). A comparison of different biotic indices based on benthic macro-invertebrates in Italian lakes. Journal of Limnology, 70(1), 109-122.

Rosenberg David M., and Resh Vincent H., 1993. Freshwater Biomonitoring and Benthic Macroinvertebrates. Springer New York, NY, Edition 1. Pp 488. ISBN978-0-412-02251-7

Rout, S. K., Pradhan, S., & Bandhyopadhyaya, P. K. (2005). Biomonitoring of kulla beel, a flood plain wet-land, using Benthic macro invertabrates.

Rout, S. K. (2011). Biomonitoring approaches using benthic macro invertebrates in three diversified aquatic ecosystems in and around Kalyani city, Nadia district, West Bengal. J. Exp. Zool, 14(1), 59-63.

Singh, V., Sharma, M. P., Sharma, S., & Mishra, S. (2019). Bio-assessment of River Ujh using benthic macro-invertebrates as bioindicators, India. International Journal of River Basin Management, 17(1), 79-87.

Szivák, I., & Csabai, Z. (2012). Are there any differences between taxa groups having distinct ecological traits based on their responses to environmental factors? Aquatic insects, 34(sup1), 173-187.

Tampo Lallébila, Kaboré Idrissa, Alhassan Elliot H., Ouéda Adama, Bawa Limam M., Djaneye-Boundjou Gbandi, 2021.Benthic Macroinvertebrates as Ecological Indicators: Their Sensitivity to the Water Quality and Human Disturbances in a Tropical River, Frontiers in Water, 3, 2021, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frwa.2021.662765

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2005. Water Quality Standards Academy: Basic Course. Offi ce of Water. Washington District of Columbia, U.S.A. 152 pp.

Varnosfaderany, M. N., Ebrahimi, E., Mirghaffary, N., & Safyanian, A. (2010). Biological assessment of the Zayandeh Rud River, Iran, using benthic macroinvertebrates. Limnologica-Ecology and Management of Inland Waters, 40(3), 226-232.

Yoder, C. O. (1995). Policy issues and management applications for biological criteria. Biological Assessment and Criteria: Tools for Water Resource Planning and Decision Making. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 327-344.

Yoder, C. O., & Rankin, E. T. (1998). The role of biological indicators in a state water quality management process. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 51, 61-88.

Ghosh, S. K., & Nilsson, A. N. (2012). Catalogue of the diving beetles of India and adjacent countries (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Skorvnopparn, Umel, Supplement, 3, 1-77.

Srivastava VD, Sinha C. Insecta: Odonata fauna of West Bengal, State Fauna Series, Part 4, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 1993, 51-168