ASILIDAE (DIPTERA) FROM ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

Andhra Pradesh is one of the least explored states of India with regard to the robbertly fauna. Hence three intensive surveys were undettaken A.N.T Joseph and Ramakrishna surveyed Khammam, Warangal, Karimnagar and Adilabad districts from 4th to 25th February 1985; P. Parui surveyed Kurnool, Nalgonda and Warangal Districts from 17th June to 7th July 1985; and A.N.T Joseph and P. Parui surveyed West Godavari, Visakhapatnalll and Vizianagaram Districts from 12th February to 7th March 1986. Hyderabad and environs were also surveyed from time to time froln 1984 to early ] 987, where one of us, A.N. T Joseph, was posted during that period. This paper is the result of the study of these collections,.


INTRODUCTION
Andhra Pradesh is one of the least explored states of India with regard to the robbertly fauna.Hence three intensive surveys were undettaken A.N.T Joseph and Ramakrishna surveyed Khammam, Warangal, Karimnagar and Adilabad districts from 4th to 25th February 1985; P. Parui surveyed Kurnool, Nalgonda and Warangal Districts from 17th June to 7th July 1985; and A.N.T Joseph and P. Parui surveyed West Godavari, Visakhapatnalll and Vizianagaram Districts from 12th February to 7th March 1986.Hyderabad and environs were also surveyed from time to time froln 1984 to early ] 987, where one of us, A.N. T Joseph, was posted during that period.This paper is the result of the study of these collections,.

Relnarks:
The species was described from Kera~a.This is the second record of the species and for the first time from Andhra Pradesh.

Lobus pandai n. sp. (Fig. I)
A slender black fly with grey tOlnentum, pale yellow, yellowish-brown and black legs.a dorsal y~llowish-brown lnarking on hind femur, light brown wings and black abdomen.Male leng~h 8 mm, wing 5 mIn.Legs pale yellow, yellowish-brown and black, coxa and trochanter black, fore and 1l1id felnora and tibiae basally yellowish-brown while the rest dark brown, hind felTIUr about onethird from base white, rest pale yellow with the lniddle of which with a yellowish-brown Inarking dorsally, hind tibia basal half pale yellow and distal half black, Inetatarsus in all legs white with black apex, relTIainder black, vestiture white but for a few black hairs, bristles white or black.
Wing light brown, but distally lighter coloured.
Abdomen black with grey marking on tergites both anteriorly and posteriorly, the grey 1narking gradually decreases on posterior tergites, terga I and 2 on sides with a few hairs.Ma]e genitalia (Fig. 1) black with white hairs.Joseph & Parui differing from both in the pale yellow hind felnur with a dorsal yel1owishbrown marking and the differences in the shape of Inale genitalia.The species is nallled in honour of our colleague, Sri P. Panda.
Male.Head broader than thorax, black with sparse grey tOlnentum; Inystax white and pale yellow, fronto-orbital plate with white hairs, ocellar bristles brown, postcranium with sparse white hairs, postocular bristles plae yellow above and white below, postgena white haired.Antenna dark brown, scape with an elongate black or pale yellow ventral bristle, pedicel with a ShOlt, black, ventral bristle, pedicel slightly longer than scape, first tlagellolnere long.Palpus and proboscis black with white hairs.
Thorax black with golden yellow tomentum; pronotum black with a transverse row of black a,nd pale yellow bristles, scutum without mediolongitudinal stripe; chaetota~y 2 notopleurals, 4 supra-alars, I or 2 intra-alars; vestiture golden yellow, bristles pale yellow, scutellum with white hairs which are sparse posteriorly, hind border without bristles, pleura nearly bare, karatergite with white bristly hairs.Haltere yellowish-brown with lighter coloured knob.
Legs yellowish-brown and black, fore and mid felnora black with basal and apical ends yellowish-brown while the remainder black, tibia basally yellowish-brown and the relnainder black, tarsus almost wholly black, hind leg large with stout femur which ventrally bears a few microtuberculate hairs, the hairs anteroventrally arranged in a row, vestiture and hairs white, apex of hind tibia and tarsal segments with a mat of golden yellow hairs.
Wing basally hyaline and distally fuscous; R5 and M, united close to the border.
Fe In ales Similar but with the following differences comparatively darker coloured ~ pleura sparsely or densely grey tOlnentose; chaetotaxy in one paratype 3 notopleurals~ the ventt:al microtuberculate bristly hairs on hind femur mayor lTIay not be arranged in an anteroventral row; abdomen with lesser area of yellowish-brown colouration so lTIuch so terglun 7 black with yellowish brown hind border.Female genitalia (Fig. 28) illustrated.It can be readily recognised from all the other known Indian species of the genus Nlisn by the distinctive lnale genitalia, especially gonocoxite, together with the presence of lnicrotuberculate hairs on hind femur.
Male Head as broad as thorax, black with grey tomentum, lTIystax white or white with a few black bristles below, fronto-orbital bristles white, ocellar bristles black, postocular bristles black, pale yellow and white, postcranium white haired, postgena with dense white hairs.Antenna with scape and pedicel black, first flagellomere orange-brown with base black, scape with white bristles, scape and pedicel nearly equal in length, first flagellonlere longer than scape and pedicel but not elongate.Palpus and proboscis black with white hairs.
Legs black with apex of femur and base of tibia nalTowly yellowi,sh-brown; coxa anteriorly with dense white hairs and a few white bristly hairs, fore tibia with 3 long posteroventral bristles, vestiture and bristles white with a few black ones also, fore tibia at apex and basitarsus ventrally with a mat of golden yellow pubescence, similar pubescence present on basitarsus and tarsomere 2 of hind tibie.
Wing fuscous; Rs and M, united well before the border.
Felnales Similar but with the following differences sparsely tOlnentose; mystax also with a few median black bristles; chaetotaxy 2 dorso-centrals; bristles on hind border of scutellum wholly black or plae yellow.Genitalia (Fig. 3B) figured.It supelficially resembles Nusa aequalis Walker from which it differs in the black scape and orange brown first flagellomere, black tibia, and details of female genitalia (Inale N. sequalis Walker not yet recorded).Also it differs froln all the other known species of the genus by the details of male genitalia, especially epandriuln.

Oldroydia costata n. sp. (Fig. 4)
A small, black, grey tomentose species with black and white mane on SCUtUITI, black legs with yellowish-brown and black tibia, and light brown wings with the fore border dilated in Inale.Male length 13 mm, wing 7-8 mlTI; female length 13 Inln, wing 6-8 InITI.
Males Head as broad as thorax, black with grey tomentll1TI; face slightly gibbous which extends from epistolne to .base of antennae, mystax with a few upper black bristles; fronto orbital hairs black, ocellar bristles black, postocular bristles white and curved forward, occipital hairs white, postgena with dense white hairs.Antenna (Fig. 4A) black, scape and pedicel with black bristles, pedicel slightly shorter than scape, first flagellomere attenuate, longer than scape, arista long.Palpus and proboscis black with white hairs.
Thorax black, grey or greyish-yellow tomentose; pronotum white haired, hairs dense medially; scutum with a dense mane of black and white extending the entire lenglth, the mane black for the anterior two-thirds and white for the posterior one-third, from the middle to hind border the 1nane bordered by a row of pale yellow and black bristles; chaetotaxy; 3-4 notopleural, I postalar, 1-2 supra-alar; vestiture black, bristles pale yellow, karatergite and lneron with a few, long thin or bristly, white or pale yellow hairs; scutellum including border with dense, long, white hairs directed forward.Haltere with pale yellow stalk and yeliowishbrown head.
Le gsblack with yellowish-brown and black tibia, mid and hind femora with an anteroventral row of pale yellow bristles, vestiture white but also with a few black hairs, bristles pale yellow with a few black ones also.
Wing light brown to brown, but medially almost hyaline, foreborder dilated.
Abdomen black with sparse grey or greyish-yellow tomentum; tergum J with well developed, dense white hairs, a few of which laterally form bristles, vestiture white.Male genitalia (Fig. 4B) black and yellowish-brown, hairs pale yellow and black.
Felnales Similar, but one paratype with dense grey tomentum; terga 2-7 posterolaterally with 2-4 white bristles.Female genitalia predominantly black with dark brown lnarking or vice versa, cercus almost rectangular, sternum 8 broadly pointed at apex•.Oldroydia costatan.sp. is closely similar toO.fe111orataJoseph and Parui in the attenuated third antennal segment, closed marginal cell and in the absence ofhaJnate anterior femur.The fonner can be distinguished from O. felnorata Joseph and Pami by the particoloured black and yellowish-brown tibiae, by the dilated fore border of wing in males like that of CJephydroneura Becker, and by the details in the shape of .nalegenitalia, especial1y epandrium.
6. ScyJaticus godavariensis n. sp.(Fig. 5) A stout black species with black legs, infuscated wings and black abdolnen banded with light brown or orange.Male length 11-13 mm, wing 9 mm.orbital hairs and ocellar bristles black, postcranium with dense black hairs, those above long and well developed and those below ShOlto Antenna black, scape with black bristles and hairs, pedicel with black hairs, pedicel about half the length of scape, first flagellomere longer than double the combined length of scape and pedicel.Palpus and proboscis black, former black and white haired, while latter white haired.
Legs black, vestiture predominantly white, also with a few black hairs, fore tibia and tarsus with mat of golden yellow hairs anteriorly, hind tibia and tarsus with similar hairs posteriorly, bristles white or black.

Wing infuscated.
Abdomen black, terga banded with light brown or orange posteriorly which decrease gradually in posterior terga, tergum I laterally with a bunch of white hairs, a few of which well developed and fOlm bristles, terga 2-3 also with white hairs laterally, vestiture white.Male genitalia (Fig. 5) black and pale yellow.with dense black hairs.Remal*s In India, the species has been so far recorded from Bihar and Kerala (Joseph and Parui 1990).Here it is reported for the first time from Andhra Pradesh.It has been also recorded from Nepal (Joseph and Parui, 1991).Remal*s In India the species has so far been recorded from JalTI1TIU and Kashmir and Karnataka (Joseph & Pami, 1994).Here it is recorded for the first time from Andhra Pradesh.It has been recorded from Sri Lanka also by Joseph and Panli (1984a).
Male: Head broader than thorax, black, scarcely tomentose; Inystax a transverse row of 4 pale yellow, elongate hairs; fronto-orbital plate bare, ocellar bristles weak, postcranilllTI with sparse black and pale yellow hairs.Antenna black with the distal half of style white, scape and pedicel with pale yellow hairs, scape slightly shorter than pedicel.Palpus and proboscis black with pale yellow and white hairs.
Thorax black; pronotum white haired, hairs dense on sides; scutUJn black with the border on posterior half yellowish-brown, mediolongitudinal stripe absent, vestiture pale yellow and black; scutellar disc with a few, median, white hairs, border with long white hairs, pleura grey tomentose, metapleuron with long, pale yellow and white hairs.Haltere brown.Legs pale yellow, yellowish-brown and black; coxa and trochanter black, fore felTIllr black with an apical yellowish-brown mark, mid femur similar, but area of yellowish-brown more, hind femur with basal and distal yellowish-brown and medially black; tibia yellowishbrown wi'th black distally, the yellowish-brown increases from fore to hind tibia so much so only apex black in hind tibia, tarsus black, vestiture pale yellow with some black hairs also, bristles black; hind trochanter swollen distally and bears long pale yellow and black hairs, hind femur thickened slightly beyond base, distal halfbearing anteroventral and posteroventral row of bristly spines.

Wing hyaline.
Abdolnen black, sides of basal terga with long ,white hairs, vestiture white and pale yellow.Male genitalia (Fig. 6) yellowish-brown, hypandrium with a pair of black bristles at lower angle and another two on median projection.Remal*s The species is recorded for the first time from Andhra Pradesh.It has already been reported from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Bihar froln India and froln adjoining country Sri Lanka (Oldroyd, 1948).
15. Stichopogon mahatoi sp.n. (Fig. 7) A small, orange and black species with legs wholly orange or mid and hind felnora with black marking, and light brown wings; female lamella without hair tuft.Female length 7-8 mm, wing 5 mm.
Female: Head as broad as thorax, black, sparsely grey tomentose; Inystax pale yellow; fronto-orbital plate bare, ocellar bristles pale yellow, postocular bristles pale yellow and confined to above, postcranium mostly bare but below white haired, postgena with dense white hairs.Antenna orange with style black, first flagellomere longer than combined length of scape and pedicel.Palpus dark brown and yellowish-brown mixed, proboscis black, both white haired.
Thorax orange with black marking, sparsely grey tomentose; pronotum with a transverse row.ofwhite bristly hairs; scutum with a broad incomplete mediolongitudinal black stripe, lateral black spots faintly marked; chaetotaxy I notopleural, I postalar, I supra-alar; vestiture sparse white hairs, bristles pale yellow; scutellar disc bare, hind border with hairs and 4 pale yellow bristles; pleura sparsely grey tomentose; karatergite with a transverse row of long, bri~t1y white to pale yellow hairs.Haltere with pale yellow to orange head, and pale yellow to dark brown stalk.
Legs wholly orange or with black marking on Inid and hind felnora, the intensity and extent of black colour quite variable, vestiture and bristles white.Abdomen palticoloured orange and black, tergum I black and orange to varying extent, terga 2-5 or rarely even upto 7 with large median, triangular shaped black Inarking and rest orange, remaining t~rga wholly black, tergum I laterally with a bunch of pale yellow hairs, a few of which form bristles, vestiture black and pale yellow.Felnale genitalia (Fig. 7) with tergum 8 bearing a circlet of 10 spines; lamella without hair tuft, not tomentose.According to, the key to the Indian species of Stichopogon Loew by Joseph and Parui (1988), S. nlahatoi n. sp.runs to the couplet 3 and is closely similar to S. tOlnentosus Oldroyd fr01n which it can be easily separated by the shape of lamella, which is also not tomentose.It is named after our colleague, Sri D. N. Mahato, who has collected many interesting robberflies.

Stichopogon mukherjeei n.sp. (Figs. 8)
A tiny black species with dense grey tOlnentum, pale yellow or pale yello\v and black legs, and light brown tinged wings; female lamella without hair tuft.Male length 6 mIn, wing 4-5 mm; female 6 mm, wing 4 mm.r'elnale Head broader than thorax, dense greyish-white totnentose; mystax straw coloured; fronto-orbi~al hairs and ocellar hairs white, postocular bristles white and confined to above, postcranium with sparse white hairs and also with a few pale yellow bristles above, postgena white haired.Antenna black, grey tomentose, distal half or" Inore of pedicel with dense greyish-white tomentum, first flagellomere much longer than the combined length of scape and pedicel.Palpus and proboscis black with white hairs.
Thor,1X black with dense greyish-white or greyish-yellow tOlnentuln; pronotum with a transverse row of white or pale yellow bristles; scutum with a narrow mediolongitudinal 0•5 mm 8t I Fig. 8. A. Slichopogon l11ukhcl:ieei n.sp., A. fenlale genitalia black stripe extending from anterior border to transverse suture, laterally with or without two, narrow, brown, short stripes; chaetotaxy 1 notopleural, 1 postalar, 1 supra-alar; vestiture and bristles white; scutellum on border with long, white hairs, and a row of long, white bristly hairs; karatergite with a tran~verse row of long white bristles; pleura with dense grey tomentum.Haltere white.
Legs pale yellow, in holotype hind tibia apically dark brown, and terminal tarsal segment in all legs black, in paratype femur basally and apically pale yellow while the rest black, apex of hind tibia dark brown, terminal tarsal segments in fore and mid legs and terminal and preceding 2 tarsal segments in hind leg black; vestiture and bristles white.
Wing light brown tinged, but basally still lighter coloured.
Abdomen black, grey tomentose, hind border of tergum narrowly white brodered, terga ] -3 laterally with long, white hairs, a few of which well developed and form'bristly hairs on .tergum 1, vestiture white.Female genitalia (Fig. 8A) illustrated, lamella pale yellow while rest black, tergum 8 bearing 4 spines; lamella without hair tuft.Males: Similar but with the following differences comparatively darker coloured, in one parhtype scutum with a broad mediolongitudinal black stripe but without 'lateral brown stripes, in the other vice versa; wing comparatively more brownish; leg colour like that of paratype male, terga 2-7 with median black marking to varying extent which in most cases triangular shaped.Male genitalia (Fig. 8B) illustrated.
Males Head black with dense greyish-yellow or greyish-white tomentum; mystax pale yellow with a few black bristles above, fronto-orbital hairs black, ocellar bristles black, postocular bristles mostly black but 2 or 3 pale yellow below, postcranium and postgena white haired.Antenna black, scape and pedicel with black hairs, former also with 1 or 2 black bristles, pedicel about two-thirds length of scape or slightly more, first flagellotnere equal to or longer than scape.Palpus and proboscis black, former white and pale yellow haired, latter white haired.
Thorax black with'greyish-yellow and greyish-white tomentum; pronotum white haired, medialy with a transverse row of 4 pale yellow or black bristles; scutum with a mediolongitudinal black stripe extending from anterior border to middle of transverse suture and hind border; the stripe divided by a median, narrow, greyish-yellow stripe laterally with 2 large black spots on each side; chaetotaxy 2 notopleural; I postalar, 1 supra-alar, 3-5 dorsocentral anterior to scutoscutellar suture; vestiture black but on sides white, bristles black; scutellar disc with s'parse white hairs and border with 2 black bristles; karatergite with a transverse row of pale yellow or black or mixed bristles, anepimeron with 1 black bristle.Haltere pale yellow to yellowish-brown.
Legs black and pale yellow with stout hind femur~ coxa and trochanter black, fore femur apically pale yellow and remainder black, mid and hind femora black, tibia pale yellow but hind tibia apically dark brown, tarsus pale yellow with apex of tarsomeres black ~ fore and mid femora ventrally with dense white hairs, hind femur with an anteroventral row of short, spiny bristles, similar bristles present more or less in a row posteriorly, and about another 5 in a row anteriorly; vestiture black, pale yellow and white, bristles black and pale yellow.
Wing brown, but medially lighter coloured.Abdomen black, tergum 1 laterally with a bunch of white or pale yellow hairs, a few of which form bristles, tergum 2 with some long, pale yellow hairs posterolaterally, vestiture pale yellow.Male genitalia (Fig. 9) black, with black and pale yellow hairs.
Felnales: Similar but with the following differences hind femur not thickened; femur and tibia pale yellow except hind tibia apically dark brown.Female genitalia black, sternum 8 ending in very short, one median and two lateral projections; tergum 8 with 2 black bristles on each side, cercus broadly obtuse with pale yellow hairs.It is closely allied to Ommatius jabalpurensis Joseph and Panli from which it differes in the comparatively stout hind femur and shape of aedeagus.
Males Headblack infuscated with grey tomentum; mystax white below and black above with their extent quite variable, fronto-orbital hairs and ocellar bristles black; postcranium sparsely grey tomentose medially and densely grey tomentose laterally, postocular bristles black above and white below.Antenna black, scape and pedicel with black bristles, scape slightly shorter than pedicel, first flagellomere subequal to pedicel.Palpus and proboscis black with white hairs.
Thorax black with sparse grey or greyish-yellow tomentum; pronotum white haired and with 1 or 2 pale yellow or pale yellow and black bristles on each side; scutum with the 1mm Fig. 10.01nl1Uftius ranJakrisiJnCli n.sp., lateral view of 111alc genitalia.
mediolongitudinal stripe faintly marked from anterior border to beyond lniddle of transverse suture and hind border, laterally with three faint black spots in a longitudinal row, SCUtUlTI comparatively with more tomentum on sides; chaetotaxy 2 notopleural, 1 postalar, I supraalar, 2-3 dorsocentral anterior to scutoscutellar suture; vestiture and bristles black and white~ scutellar border ~ith a pair of white bristles, disc with sparse white to pale yellow hairs~ karatergite with a few long,.white to pale yellow bristly hairs, 2-3 silnilar hairs also present on Ineron.Haltere pale yellow.
Legs black and pale yellow to yellowish-brown; coxa, trochanter and fetnur black, tibia pale yellow to yellowish-brown, in some cases apex dark brown, basitarsus pale yellow to yellowish-brown with apex dark brown, rest of tarsus dark brown, vestiture white and black, bristles predominantly black with a few white ones also.
Wing light brown tinged, but basally hyaline.
Females Similar but with the following differences : first flagellolnere slightly longer than pedicel; bristles of scutellar border pale yellow in one paratype.Felnale genitalia black with black and a few pale yellow hairs, eighth sternite apically wavy and with a pair of well developed bristles postero~laterally '. cercus broadly obtuse at apex with pale yellow and black hairs.Remal*s The species was described from Andhra Pradesh.Later it was recorded from Talnil Nadu and Kamataka (Joseph andParui, 1979, 1984b).
Males Head as broad as thorax, black with grey tomentum; mysta~ white, fronto-orbital plate with white bristles, ocellar bristles white.Antenna with scape and pedicel pale yellow~ first flagellomere and scape dark brown, scape with white and black bristles, pedicel with black bristles only, pedicel slightly less than half of the length of scape, first flagellomere slightly shorter than scape.Palpus and pt 8 oboscis black with white hairs.
Thorax yellowish-brown with black marking; pronotum white' haired; scutum with a black mediolongitudinal stripe extending from anterior border to midway between transverse suture and hind border, the stripe broadly 'divided by yellowish-brown, sides with 3 black spots in a longitudinal row; chaetotaxy : 2 notopleur.a1,but in one male an additional seta present on one side, 1 postalar, 2, supra-alar, 2-3.prescutellar dorsocentra1; vestiture and bristles black,'-also with a few white hairs laterally, anepisternum, katepisternum and meron with black lnarking in holotype but indistinct in paratypes, scutellulTI with a pair of black bristles (but only I in holotype) on border.Haltere pale yellow with dark knob.
Legs pale yellow with dark brown marking, coxa and trochanter pale yellow, femur pale yellow with dorsoapical dark brown mark, the area and intensity of which increase from fore to hind femur, tibia pale yellow with apical dark brown, tarsus pale yellow with dark brown apex, the latter colour dominant in hind tarsus, mid and hind femora with an anteroventral row of black bristles, vestiture white with a few black hairs also, bristles black.
Abdomen black with pale yellow laterally, grey tomentose, varying nutnber of terga with median and lateral elongate, dark brown spots extending from base to three-fout1hs distance, pne paratype greasy and the marking notdiscemible, tergum ] with a bunch of hairs laterally, succeeding tergites with a pair of white bristles posterolaterally.Male genitalia (Fig. 11) black, white haired, epandrium elongate.
Females: Slmilar but with the following differences chaetotaxy in one paratype only J supra-alar; dark brown marking of femur comparatively lighter coloured; abdotninal marking very faint.Genitalia black, elongate, eighth sternite apically ending as selnicircular lobes, cercus with long, yellow hairs distally.

Material•
Holotype (M), Reg.No. 7516/H6, Warangal Dist.Pakhal Forest, 4.vii.198S,CoIl.P. Parui.It is generally silnilar to Damalis mercaraensis (Joseph and Parui) froln which it differs in the absence of mediolongitudinal stripe and in the structural details of hypandrium.The fly is named in honour of Dr. M. Datta, in-charge of Diptera Section of the Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta.
Holotype (M), Reg.No. 75551H6, West Godavari dist.Kannapuraln Munchurulu, 18..ii.1986,CoIl.A.N.T Joseph and Party.Paratypes 2(M), I(F), Reg.Nos.7556/H6 to 75581H6, details similar to holotype except date of collection 21.ii.1986; 1 (M), Reg.No. 75591H6, details as in holotype.It is closely similar to Clephydroneura gravelyiJoseph and Parui differing froln which in the colouration of femur and the elongate and rather pointed epandrium.In tnale genitalia C. singhi n.sp.resembles to C. bannerghattaensis Joseph and Parui, but otherwise a quite distinct species.It is named in honour of Dr. Asket Singh, Joint Director-in-Charge, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, for the various favours shown to us.